An increase in government borrowing runs the risk of flooding the debt market, while making it expensive for companies to borrow, according to outgoing Reserve Bank of India Deputy Governor Viral Acharya.
In a lecture shared by the RBI late on Monday, Mr Acharya said the country's borrowing relative to its output has ranged from 67 per cent to 85 per cent since 2000 and has outpaced many emerging markets including China.
"As more government debt floods markets, the relative safety and liquidity premium attached by investors to high-rated corporate bonds diminishes, raising the cost of borrowing especially for AAA-rated borrowers and making it relatively less sensitive to policy rate cuts," Mr Acharya said.
Mr Acharya is leaving the central bank on Tuesday, six months before the scheduled end of his term in office, citing personal reasons.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cut the repo rate to 5.75 per cent on June 6, its third cut in 2019, while also changing its policy stance to "accommodative," after data showed the economy growing at its slowest in over four years.
India should cut back on subsidies and programs that are not delivering long-term growth and divest more of its public sector holdings, Mr Acharya said.
"The much-needed land, labour and agricultural reforms could be undertaken, all of which can help crowd-in private sector growth," he said.
There could be efficiency gains if there are more private investors playing an effective role in the governance of public sector enterprises, he added.
Aiming to attract investments, which are at its lowest level in years, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has proposed giving foreign investors a bigger role in the insurance and aviation sectors, which have been tightly controlled for decades.
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